Friday, December 14, 2012

BRI/Case Study


Student History

Due to legalities I was unable to acquire a large amount of information regarding his school progress and personal information. I spent quite some time getting to know him through daily conversations by asking him questions, and vice versa. He is a very verbal student and became engaged in conversation once he felt comfortable with me working one-on-one with him. I found that the student I worked with loves reading Dragon Blood books at school, but he doesn’t read as much at home. He said he would read more if he could get the Dragon Blood books and download them on his nook. He loves to play for hours a day outside, running around, playing football and soccer, as well as staying in and watching television. He has a very charismatic personality that made this experience enjoyable, even when asked if he could only read really short passages.   


Name: Josh                                        Date of Birth: August 4th                               Grade: 4th

Reason for Referral:

This student was referred to me by my mentor teacher because she had observed that he struggles with reading at the same speed as some of the other students in his grade.

Case History:

I was also unable to get an interview with his parents, but they were aware and very supportive of my efforts. He lives with both of his parents, his mother is American and his father is Mexican. His mother helps translate because she teaches Spanish at a school. He prefers to speak English at home and even if his parents ask him a question in Spanish he answers in English. Growing up in a bilingual household may have had an effect on his phonological awareness.

School History:

Due to legalities I was unable to acquire a large amount of information regarding his student records. According to his teachers he has been struggling with fluency and decoding. They also said he typically struggles with his reading class, more so than math and social studies.

Data Collection:

Josh seemed to speed though the reading passages and had a hard time sitting still during his readings. He would cooperate and read, but sometimes he would change the inflection of his voice while reading by reading soft then loud at times in an unusual accent. I could tell that he was starting to get uninterested and restless after I had been administering the Basic Reading Inventory (BRI) pre-test for 30 minutes. During the word list component of the BRI on a second grade reading level he reached an independent level, but on the third grade reading level he reached an instructional level. On a fourth grade reading level word list he barely stayed at an instructional level. This is what grade level he should be reading at, but he seemed to still need help with sounding out the words. I attempted to have him read a fifth grade word list and he reached an instructional/frustration level. The common miscues I found throughout his reading of the passages for grades two and three is substitution of words with other words that still made sense within the passage at an independent/instructional level. Throughout the fourth and fifth grade reading passages he forgot to read some of the words and the words that he did not know he would attempt to say the words, but they were usually incorrect. He reached an instructional level for fourth grade, but an instructional/frustrated level for fifth grade. He would rush through the reading and lose his place often, which is why he forgot to read some of the words in the passages and guess on words he did not know. Josh has strong comprehension skills and reached an independent level for grades two, three, and four with an independent/instructional level for fifth grade. I assessed that his decoding and fluency skills were weak, whereas his comprehensions skills were actually strong. This was confusing since usually fluency and comprehension are correlated, as one improves so does the other, and vice versa.

Problem:

 I as an educator can improve his reading fluency and decoding skills through the use of timed reading passages, reading fluency flashcards, vowel digraphs, and among other engaging reading activities.

Goal:

To improve his reading fluency and word decoding

·         Practice timed reading passages

·         Use a tape recorder to record his reading and play them back to him

·         Modeling the correct way to read a passage and have him imitate how I read

·         Use flashcards to help him practice sight words with vowels in them

I will effectively evaluate these methods through timed reading charts and observe if the number of words read per minute increased over time. I could also observe if he was able to correctly complete the worksheets and identity the correct vowel sounds on the reading fluency flashcards.

Hypothesis/Question:

If I have him practice his reading by reading short passages, poems, and use flashcards to practice vowels sounds, I anticipate that the students’ reading fluency and decoding skills will improve.

Strategies:

 A typical tutoring session with Josh would begin with a warm-up to give me an idea of what the student already knew and information that I would be able to build upon during the lesson activities. Then I would start the learning activities, which ranged from worksheets, to passage readings, to reading games. After the learning activity I would assess whether he got the “big idea” of the lesson through a wrap up or exit ticket. The wrap up would consist of questions that needed to be answered by him to assist me in gathering feedback pertaining to the learning activities or to evaluate his level of fluency or decoding.

See attached lesson plans

Analysis:

 I don’t agree that the results of the BRI post-test accurately reflect the improvement observed throughout the tutoring sessions. During one of the reading passages and set of comprehension questions Josh was being videotaped and I think this may have made him nervous. In general people don’t tend to perform well when they are nervous or anxious about something. He remained the same level on the second grade word list, improved one level on his third grade reading list, but decreased a level on the fourth and fifth grade word lists. He didn’t try to sound out many of the words that he did not know, instead he would say pass. Throughout the reading passages on a second and third grade level he still remained on the independent/instructional level with minor miscues, such as omission and substitution. The reading passages on a fourth grade reading level he had more significant miscues where he would change the word and it would change the meaning of the content, but remained on an instructional level. During the fifth grade reading passage he reached a frustration level and I could sense that he was giving up.  

Reflection/Discussion:

I believe that the reading strategies I implemented made a slight difference, but not enough evidence was shown, according to the data recorded on the BRI post-test. Some minor improvements were made, but overall the results were similar to those of the BRI pre-test. I think if I was able to spend more one-on-one instruction time with Josh, then he would be able to improve his decoding and fluency skills. I also think that I could have taught him more beneficial reading strategies, such as what to do when you don’t know a word. I attempted to incorporate his interest of dragons into the tutoring sessions, which seemed to go over well and his reading rate slightly increased. I would also spend more time on teaching Josh more phonemic awareness through digraphs and elkonin boxes that assist in segmenting words by breaking down syllables. This would be beneficial because when he didn’t know a word he would say another word that was either too many or too little syllables to be that word. I have learned exactly what teaching reading entails and how I can incorporate basic reading strategies in my classroom, as a future science educator. Reading is an ongoing process that can continually be improved through the use of learned reading strategies.   

Action Plan:

It would be beneficial for Josh to receive additional one-on-one instruction to bring him to an independent reading level for fourth grade. I also think that enhances his strategies for words he comes across during a reading passage that he does not know, such as cover-ups and cross checking. I would also start out with shorter reading passages on topics that he is interested in, then gradually extend the length of the passages.

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